NEET in Essex: A Review of the Evidence

This report reviews the published research evidence on the factors and processes that lead some young people into becoming ?Not in Employment, Education or Training? (NEET), and the policy interventions that are deemed to prevent this. It also includes a previously conducted Latent Class Analysis (LCA) of the 2009 Essex NEET cohort, which is analysed alongside the more general published evidence. The literature reviewed was generated from wide rage of bibliographic search engines, academics, policy makers and practitioners working in this field The review will contribute towards the development of more effective policy interventions, and provide an initial foundation for the development of a possible multi-method research project. A primary research project will be able to provide more robust inferences on the causes and processes of becoming NEET and on the interventions designed to prevent this. This will enable Essex County Council to better target and implement effective policy interventions, ultimately reducing the social and economic costs of youth unemployment in Essex

Donor gender does not affect liver transplantation outcome in children

The liver is recognized as a sex hormone-responsive organ. Gender-specific differences in liver function are known to exist. Recently, a higher failure rate for organs transplanted in adults from female donors to male recipients has been reported. This increased failure rate of livers obtained from adult females and transplanted into adult males is thought to occur, at least in part, as a result of intrinsic gender-specific differences in hepatocyte cell surface expression and to alterations in the hormonal milieu of the donor liver in the recipient. To determine whether the same graft-recipient gender-determined failure rates pertain in the pediatric liver transplant population, the outcome of 335 primary liver transplants performed in children at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center was examined. No difference in transplant outcome was demonstrated in children based on the gender pairings between the donor and recipient whether or not variables such as the age, etiology of the liver disease, and the blood group of the recipient were included in the data analysis. Thus, in contrast, to the situation in adults, the gender of the donor does not influence the outcome of liver transplantation in children and should not be used as a criterion for donor selection. This difference between adults and children may be due, at least in part, to gender differences in hepatocyte phenotypic expression induced as a consequence of puberty. © 1990 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Growth of Rh, Pd, and Pt films on Cu(100)

The growth of vapor-deposited films of Rh, Pd, and Pt on Cu(100) at 300 K was followed by Auger-electron and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopies. A tendency (strong for Rh, weaker for both Pd and Pt) for Cu to remain on the surface as the film grows was observed, consistent with expectations based on surface energy considerations. The much smaller difference in behavior between Pt and Pd than between Pt and Rh can be related to the heat of mixing, the sign of which is positive for Cu-Rh but negative for both Cu-Pd and Cu-Pt. While agglomeration does not appear to be significant, the experimental results suggest that a fraction of the deposited metal forms clusters, islands, or other configurations which are relatively stable against the surface diffusional processes thought to be responsible for incorporation of adatoms into the bulk. The ordered 50-50 surface alloy phase previously found for Pd on Cu(100) was not observed in the case of Pt, although a c(2×2) low-energy electron-diffraction pattern is produced by the nearly pure Cu surface which results from heating a monolayer (deposited) of either metal to 450 K. Photoemission and chemisorption results reveal other differences among the three combinations of metals

Management and Nutrition of Early Weaned Foals

With the current trends in horse popularity, the demand for horses as performance and pleasure animals has increased. As this demand has increased, many horses have been retained solely for their ability as working animals. Therefore, many mares have not been bred since pregnancy would hinder their usefulness. If the horse owner is to breed his mare and also use her as a performance animal, he must initially contend with the pregnant mare and after parturition with the often annoying foal. For the mare to produce a foal and also be used as an effective performance animal, the foal should be weaned from the mare and cared for separately. To the animal scientist, this problem can best be met by the development of a simple and reliable method of weaning the foal early. By weaning the foal at an early age and placing it on dry feed, the mare would be available for normal use without the temporary absences of its foal. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to study the feasibility of weaning foals at about 30 days of age

The Bonding of Fluorinated and Hydrogenated Ethers to Metal Surfaces: A Surface Science Approach to Tribology

We report a surface science study of fluorinated and hydrogenated ethers adsorbed at a metal surface. Fluorinated ethers bond less strongly to ruthenium surfaces than the hydrogenated analogs, both for atomically-smooth and atomically-rough surfaces. For the hydrogenated ethers, 0.03 to 0.17 monolayers undergo decomposition, while fluorinated ethers do not decompose significantly

Conditions for Sexual Interactions Between Wild Grey Wolves, Canis lupus, and Coyotes, Canis latrans

Genetic evidence for the hybridization of wild Grey Wolves and Coyotes was first reported by Lehmann et al (1991). Subsequent genetic and landscape-environmental analyses have attempted to grasp the extent of Wolf-Coyote crosses in North America. Since Wolves are normally territorial and thus aggressive towards Coyotes, hybridization events remain rare, not withstanding the taxonomic debates regarding Canis in eastern Ontario. In this paper I report on amicable interactions between Wolves and Coyotes observed in Wisconsin in recent decades and discuss circumstances that may lead to pairing between individuals of the two species